51°30′26″N 0°06′51″W / 51.5071°N 0.1141°W / 51.5071; -0.1141 Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°06′51″W / 51.5071°N 0.1141°W / 51.5071; -0.1141
(NT), is one of the United Kingdom's three most promint publicly funded performing arts vues, alongside the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Royal Opera House. Internationally, it is known as the National Theatre of Great Britain.
Founded by Laurce Olivier in 1963, many well-known actors have performed at the National Theatre. Until 1976, the company was based at The Old Vic theatre in Waterloo. The currt building is located next to the Thames in the South Bank area of ctral London. In addition to performances at the National Theatre building, the National Theatre tours productions at theatres across the United Kingdom.
National Theatre, London, England
The theatre has transferred numerous productions to Broadway and toured some as far as China, Australia and New Zealand. However, touring productions to European cities was suspded in February 2021 over concerns about uncertainty over work permits, additional costs and delays because of Brexit.
But the full title is rarely used. The theatre prests a varied programme, including Shakespeare, other international classic drama, and new plays by contemporary playwrights. Each auditorium in the theatre can run up to three shows in repertoire, thus further widing the number of plays which can be put on during any one season. However, the post-2020 covid repertoire model became straight runs, required by the imperatives of greater resource efficicy and financial constraint coupled with the preferce (and competition for the availability) of creatives working across stage and scre, thus bringing it in line with that of most theatres.
In June 2009, the theatre began National Theatre Live (NT Live), a programme of simulcasts of live productions to cinemas, first in the United Kingdom and th internationally. The programme began with a production of Phèdre, starring Hel Mirr, which was screed live in 70 cinemas across the UK. NT Live productions have since be broadcast to over 2, 500 vues in 60 countries around the world. In November 2020, National Theatre at Home was announced. It is a video on demand streaming service, specifically created for National Theatre Live recordings. Videos of plays are added every month, and can be rted for temporary viewing, or unlimited recordings can be watched through a monthly or yearly subscription programme.
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The NT had an annual turnover of approximately £105 million in 2015–16, of which earned income made up 75% (58% from ticket sales, 5% from NT Live and Digital, and 12% from commercial revue such as in the restaurants, bars, bookshop, etc.). Support from Arts Council gland provided 17% of income, 1% from Learning and Participation activity, and the remaining 9% came from a mixture of companies, individuals, trusts and foundations.
Describing the parlous state of British theatre. Production of serious plays was restricted to the patt theatres, and new plays were subjected to csorship by the Lord Chamberlain's Office. At the same time, there was a burgeoning theatre sector featuring a diet of low melodrama and musical burlesque; but critics described British theatre as driv by commercialism and a star system. There was a demand to commemorate serious theatre, with the Shakespeare Committee purchasing the playwright's birthplace for the nation demonstrating a recognition of the importance of serious drama. The following year saw more pamphlets on a demand for a National Theatre from London publisher Effingham William Wilson.
The situation continued, with a rewed call every decade for a National Theatre. Atttion was aroused in 1879 wh the Comédie-Française took a residcy at the Gaiety Theatre, described in The Times as represting the highest aristocracy of the theatre. The principal demands now coalesced around: a structure in the capital that would form a permant memorial to Shakespeare; an exemplary theatre company producing at the highest level of quality; and a ctre from which appreciation of great drama could be spread as part of education throughout the country.
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The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre was oped in Stratford upon Avon on 23 April 1879, with the New Shakespeare Company (now the Royal Shakespeare Company, RSC); th Herbert Beerbohm Tree founded an Academy of Dramatic Art at Her Majesty's Theatre in 1904. This still left the capital without a national theatre. A London Shakespeare League was founded in 1902 to develop a Shakespeare National Theatre and – with the impding terctary in 1916 of his death – in 1913 purchased land for a theatre in Bloomsbury. This work was interrupted by World War I.
In 1910, George Bernard Shaw wrote a short comedy, The Dark Lady of the Sonnets, in which Shakespeare himself attempts to persuade Elizabeth I of the necessity of building a National Theatre to stage his plays. The play was part of the long-term campaign to build a National Theatre.
Finally, in 1948, the London County Council (LCC) prested a site close to the Royal Festival Hall for the purpose, so the National Theatre Act, offering financial support, was passed by Parliamt in 1949.
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T years after the foundation stone had be laid in 1951, the Governmt declared that the nation could not afford a National Theatre; in response, the LCC offered to waive any rt and pay half the construction costs. The Governmt still tried to apply unacceptable conditions to save money, attempting to force the amalgamation of the existing publicly supported companies: the RSC, Sadler's Wells and Old Vic.
Following some initial inspirational steps tak with the oping of the Chichester Festival Theatre in Chichester in June 1962, the developmts in London proceeded. In July 1962, with agreemts finally reached, a board was set up to supervise construction, and a separate board was constituted to run a National Theatre Company, which would lease the Old Vic theatre in the interim. The National Theatre Company oped on 22 October 1963 with Hamlet, starring Peter O'Toole in the title role.
The company was founded by Laurce Olivier, who became the first artistic director of the company. As fellow directors, he listed William Gaskill and John Dexter. Among the first semble of actors of the company were Robert Stephs, Maggie Smith, Joan Plowright, Michael Gambon, Derek Jacobi, Lynn Redgrave, Michael Redgrave, Colin Blakely and Frank Finlay.
National Theatre Building On Southbank Of River Thames In London City Centre, England Stock Photo
Meanwhile, construction of the permant theatre proceeded with a design by architects Sir Dys Lasdun and Peter Softley and structural gineers Flint & Neill containing three stages, which oped individually betwe 1976 and 1977.
The National Theatre building houses three separate theatres. Additionally, a temporary structure was added in April 2013 and closed in May 2016.
Named after the theatre's first artistic director, Laurce Olivier, this is the main auditorium, modelled on the ancit Greek theatre at Epidaurus; it has an op stage and a fan-shaped audice seating area for 1160 people. A drum revolve (a five-storey revolving stage section) extds eight metres beath the stage and is operated by a single staff member. The drum has two rim revolves and two platforms, each of which can carry t tonnes, facilitating dramatic and fluid scery changes. Its design sures that the audice's view is not blocked from any seat, and that the audice is fully visible to actors from the stage's ctre. Designed in the 1970s and a prototype of currt technology, the drum revolve and a multiple sky hook flying system were initially very controversial and required t years to commission, but seem to have fulfilled the objective of functionality with high productivity.
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Named after Oliver Lyttelton, the National Theatre's first board chairman, it has a proscium arch design and can accommodate an audice of 890.
The Dorfman is the smallest, the barest and the most pottially flexible of the National Theatre houses . . . a dark-walled room with an audice capacity of 400.
It was formerly known as the Cottesloe Theatre (named after Lord Cottesloe, Chairman of the South Bank Theatre Board), a name which ceased to be used with the theatre's closure under the National's NT Future redevelopmt.
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The Temporary Theatre, formerly called The Shed, was a 225-seat black box theatre which oped in April 2013 and featured new works; it closed in May 2016, following the refurbishmt of the Dorfman Theatre.
In 2015 British artist Carl Randall painted a portrait of actress Katie Leung standing in front of The Shed as part of the artist's London Portraits series, where he asked various cultural figures to choose a place in London for the backdrop of their portraits.
Leung explained she chose The Shed as her backdrop because she performed there in the 2013 play The World of Extreme Happiness, and also because ... it's a temporary theatre, it's not permant, and I wanted to make it permant in the portrait.
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The style of the National Theatre building was described by Mark Girouard as an aesthetic of brok forms at the time of oping. Architectural opinion was split at the time of construction. Ev thusiastic advocates of the Modern Movemt such as Sir Nikolaus Pevsner found the Béton brut concrete both inside and out overbearing. Most notoriously, Charles III described the building in 1988 as a clever way of building a nuclear power station in the middle of London without anyone
